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The HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging module measures distances from 2 cm to 400 cm with an accuracy of approximately 3 mm. It uses 40 kHz ultrasonic pulses and the echo time to calculate distance.
Operating voltage: 5 V. Simple 4-pin interface (VCC, GND, TRIG, ECHO) compatible with Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266, and Raspberry Pi. Widely used in robotics, obstacle avoidance, and level sensing applications.